单项选择题 第一篇 First Aid First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, a clear airway (气道), and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim's condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss Of life.First-aid measures depend upon a victim's needs and the provider's level ofknowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowingwhat to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱的) injury and paralysis (瘫痪).Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking other people or the injured person's family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病) or heart trouble, The victim should be checked for a medical bracelet (手镯) or card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim's condition is known by the acronym (首字母缩写词) ABC, which stands for:A - Airway: is it open and clear?B - Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.C - Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.{Page} 第 31 题 First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPTA． saving a victim's life.B． preventing a victim's condition from getting worse.C． helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury.D． relieving a victim from pain.

单项选择题 U．S．Blacks Hard-hit by Cancer Death rates for cancer are falling for all Americans, but black Americans are still more likely to die of cancer than whites, the American Cancer Society said Monday.In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to die of the disease.This could be because of unequal (不平等的) access to medical care, because blacks are more likely to have other diseases as well, and perhaps because ofdifferences in the biology (生物学) of the cancer itself, the report added.'In general, black Americans have less hope of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis,' the report said.'In describing cancer statistics for black Americans, this report recognizes that many of the differences associated with race may be caused by unfair social and economic differences and unequal access to medical care.'The cancer society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups (体格检查) earlier, when cancer is more treatable, and it said more research is needed to see if biological differences play a role.'The new statistics emphasize the continuing importance of wiping out these unfair social differences through public policy and education efforts,' the organization said in a statement.But it also noted a drop in cancer death rates.'Cancer death rates in both sexes for all sites combined have dropped greatly among black Americans since 1992, as have incidence rates (发生率),' said the report. 第 31 题 Black Americans are more likely to die of cancer thanA．people in other countries.B．white Americans.C．all other Americans.D．their ancestors.

单项选择题 Giving Up Smoking A number of devices are available to help a person quit smoking. Nicotine (尼古丁)patches are small, nicotine-containing adhesive (粘着性的) discs applied to the skin. The nicotine is slowly absorbed through the skin and enters the bloodstream (血流). Over time, the nicotine dose is reduced and eventually the desire for nicotine is eased. Nicotine gum (口香糖) works in a similar manner, providing small doses of nicotine when chewed (咀嚼).The benefits of giving up smoking include the immediate reduction of harm to the health of the smoker and easier admission to social activities and institutions that ban smoking. In a 1988 report, the U.S. Surgeon General declared cigarette smoking to be more harmful and expensive than the use of cocaine (可卡因), alcohol, or heroin. Recent evidence supports this claim.The United States government has collected a special tax on cigarettes for several decades. The rate rose from 8 cents per pack of 20 cigarettes in 1951 to 24 cents per pack in 1993. In other developed countries, the cigarette tax rate is much higher, ranging from 50 percent in Switzerland to 85 percent in Denmark.In the United States, the first direct action to check smoking was the regulation of a warning on cigarette packages by the Federal Trade Commission. This warning took effect in 1964 and was strengthened in 1969 to read: 'Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined That Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health.' In 1971 all cigarette advertising was banned from radio and television, and cities and states passed laws requiring nonsmoking sections in public places and workplaces. 第 41 题 Which of the following can help a person quit smoking?A．Reading cigarette advertisements.B．Using nicotine patches.C．Chewing ordinary gum.D．Participating in social activities.