单项选择题 The mere washing overboard of part of the cargo will not（）rise to a general average contribution; nor will the throwing overboard of cargo by the crew or passengers out of private malice.

单项选择题 the master of Utopia，（）owners，hereby declares general average and require all benefited interests to provide general average security.

单项选择题 The master of a ship must collect general average contributions for the benefit of those entitled to them，whether they are cargo owners or ship owner，and（）the Shipowner’s lien on the cargo，where necessary，until they are paid.