填空题 在一个群体中，D→d的突变率为4×10-6。如果现在p=0．8，那么50000代之后的p值将是多少？（）

单项选择题 根据短文回答 41～45 题。 Supermarket Most supermarkets need a very large floor area, sometimes at least ten times as big as that of an ordinary shop there are usually two doors, one as an entrance and the other as an exit the rest of the side facing the street is largely of plate glass, with goods or advertising martial displayed The other three walls are normally decorated in light colours, giving an impression of cleanliness (清洁) and brightness Most supermarkets are on one floor only, goods being stored in rooms at the back or upstairsAt right-angles to the window stretch long structures about six feet high with a number of shelves on each side Similar shelf units or frozen food containers extend round the walls Broad aisles between the shelf units and ample (足够的) space between them and the window and also the far wall allow room for the circulation of many people Individual commodities (商品), in tins, bags, boxes or other containers, are stacked (堆放) in groups on the shelves, and each group is labeled with a price ticket Metal baskets near the entrance are taken by the shoppers who collect in them the goods they select from the shelvesBetween the shelf units and the window in one half of the shops are a number of small counters about three feet high Beside each sits a cashier (现金出纳员), who operates a machine for totaling the cost of each customer's purchases The customer places the basket at one end of the counter so that it can be emptied by the cashier who records the price of the commodities one by one, before putting each on a moving section of the counter top The goods are collected and packed into the customer's bag by another assistant at the end of the counter The cashier finally hands a printed slip recording all prices to the customer, who pays the total, collects the bag and leaves 第 41 题 Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?（ ）A．Most supermarkets have a very large floor areaB．Most supermarkets have a floor area as large as that of an ordinary shopC．Most supermarkets are on one floor onlyD．Some supermarkets have a floor area at least ten times as big as that of an ordinary shop

单项选择题 根据短文回答 23～30 题。 Even Intelligent People Can Fail 1 The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the Web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cellphone (手机). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turns.2 We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison's success in heating a thin line to white-hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, US. He did that on October 22, 1879, and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着) in an ,airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on, on September 4, 1882.3 “Many of life's failures,“ the supreme innovator said, 'are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up.' Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light, but in only two cases did his experiments work.4 No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the company's successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is: 'You only fail when you quit.'5 Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US$1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.6 Failure is harder to bear in today's open, accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When amercing music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffen's company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn't. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to himself. 第 23 题 Paragraph2______________A．Importance of learning from failureB．Quality shared by most innovatorsC．Edison'S innovationD．Edison'S comment on failureE．Contributions made by innovatorsF．Miseries endured by innovators