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单项选择题

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A great many people maybe at some stage in their lives consider setting up a business with their family members.The idea may seem very attractive，but the reality of working with someone close to you can often cause unforeseen problems.80%of family-run businesses think that when times get tough，love，romance or family bonds will see them through.But the fact is that although 70%of businesses are family-run，only 40%of these companies survive to the second generation.
Why do so many family businesses fail？While money has traditionally been thought to be the root of all difficulties，the major problem is much more clear.In businesses which don’t have family ties or relationships，people find it easier to communicate and to say what is on their mind.In contrast，with family businesses，people often make the mistake of thinking they know what views other family members have without actually discussing with them.
There is one strategy which should be used in all family businesses to protect potential problems.As time goes by，one partner may lose interest or not work as effectively as they are expected to.If each partner’s responsibilities are identified from the start so that they know exactly what is required of them，difficulties are less likely to arise as the business develops.It is also recommended to ask yourselves a few ’what if’questions before starting a family business.For example，what if one of the partners brought a friend into the family business and others didn’t like this person？What would you do？To avoid this kind of problem，you should talk it over amongst yourselves.This sort of research can make you aware of both your own attitudes and the attitudes of the other members of the family before problems actually occur.
Contracts are another potential problems.Too many family businesses are run on the most informal terms.People often think it is unfriendly to ask a relative to sign a contract outlining the terms of a business venture.But you should treat the family business like any other business and be professional to draw up a contract.Whether the business is profitable or not，it is supposed who owns the shares must be clearly defined and written into a formal contract.It must also be clear who is running the company.Some family businesses take a vote on every decision.Perhaps this exercise in democracy should be applauded，but it created so many complications that in the end the business failed.Even a small committee can sometimes be too large.In matters affecting the entire company.only one of you should be the decision-maker.He or she doesn’t have to be the largest shareholder，but should be the one best able to lead the business.
Another type of problem arises when a relative decides to join an already established business.In these cases，you should do everything you can to avoid favourism.It is important to avoid putting him straight into any kind of managerial position.Instead，encourage him to learn not only the company but the people who make it work by working on the shop floor on the assembly line.They have to prove to be a valuable asset not to the family but to the business.

Why do many people find it appealing to start a family business?（）

A．Because there would be abundant capital for operation.
B．Because family bonds are helpful in overcoming difficulties.
C．Because they hope to survive for generations.
D．Because they can make profits without unforeseen problems.

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单项选择题 (19)（）

单项选择题 I never expected to go to China. Although its ancient culture and present struggles intrigued me, its graceful art and magnificent landscapes drew me, and my mother's frequent travels there in her last years pulled at some part of my consciousness; it was on the other side of the world, far away from my world and my present struggles. But then I received a notice about a trip to China for women judges. It didn't take me long to decide that I had to go. The trip offered a unique opportunity for me, both personally, to discover some of what so engaged my mother in her travels and to explore how women's issues manifest themselves in the Chinese culture, and professionally, to see first-hand China' s legal system and compare the experiences of women judges there with my own. Having spent some time during the past several years addressing the issue of judicial independence as it relates to administrative law judges, and knowing that implementation of the rule of law in China as it 'opens up' to the West is an evolving and vital issue, I wanted to witness for myself how these concerns are addressed in China. We left San Francisco last May, and spent two amazing weeks in China, traveling to five cities and towns. Our group consisted of five women judges and a tour leader from the U. S.- China People's Friendship Association. Our very gracious host in China, the All China Women's Federation (which is associated with the government and serves many functions, including being somewhat of a social service agency), provided a Chinese guide and translator, with whom we became good friends as we traveled together. We generally met with groups in somewhat formal settings, in which we were served tea or a meal, gave prepared presentations to each other, and then engaged in free-flowing question and answer discussions. The members of our group brought varying backgrounds and interests to this trip: two of the judges had an interest in domestic violence issues, another in business and economic law. Yet another, who hears employment security cases, had a special interest in the plight of laid-off women workers, whose numbers have increased as China moves much of its industry to a more market-oriented economy. We were all interested in women's rights under the Chinese legal system. We also shared with, and learned much from, our Chinese friends in the areas of juvenile law, discrimination law, and other subjects.The narrator of the following piece is a(n)______.A．writerB．EnglishmanC．woman judgeD．lawyer

单项选择题 听力原文： Astronaut Steve Robinson is going where no one has ever gone in orbit--to a shuttle's underside, which is covered with thousands of fragile ceramic tiles as a barrier to the scorching heat caused by high-speed friction with the atmosphere. Slivers of heat-resistant fabric filling the thin gaps between the tiles have popped up a couple of centimeters in two places. Engineers worry that the protrusions might change the aerodynamics of Discovery's reentry Monday and make some parts of the orbiter a few hundred degrees hotter than normal. They do not know if the shuttle can with stand the extra heat. So astronaut Robinson's task is to stand on the end of the robot arm mounted on the International Space Station, where Discovery is docked, and either pull out or trim the gap filler. He must be very careful not to strike and damage the delicate tiles with his space suit or tools, as he explained to reporters.What is the problem with the space shuttle?A．Two of the ceramic tiles were damaged.B．Some gap fillers popped up.C．The space shuttle was over-heated by high-speed friction with the atmosphere.D．The engine of the space shuttle was out of control.

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