单项选择题 下列关于管理层次和管理幅度之间关系的说法中，错误的是（ ）。

未知题型 Joseph Glarthaar’s Forged in Battle is not the first excel-lent study of Black soldiers and their White officers in theCivil War, but it uses more soldiers’ letters and diaries—including rare material from Black soldiers—and concen-(5) rates more intensely on Black-White relations in Blackregiments than do any of its predecessors. Glathaar’s titleexpresses his thesis: loyalty, friendship, and respect amongWhite officers and Black soldiers were fostered by themutual dangers they faced in combat.(10 ) Glarthaar accurately describes the government’s discrim-inatory treatment of Black soldiers in pay, promotion, medical care, and job assignments, appropriately emphasizingthe campaign by Black soldiers and their officers to get theopportunity to fight. That chance remained limited through(15) out the war by army policies that kept most Black unitsserving in rear-echelon assignments and working in laborbattalions. Thus, while their combat death rate was onlyone-third that of White units, their mortality rate fromdisease, a major killer in his war, was twice as great.(20) Despite these obstacles, the courage and effectiveness ofseveral Black units in combat won increasing respect frominitially skeptical or hostile White soldiers. As one Whiteofficer put it, “they have fought their way into the respectof all the army.”(25) In trying to demonstrate the magnitude of this attitudi-nal change, however, Glarthaar seems to exaggerate theprewar racism of the White men who became officers inBlack regiments. “Prior to the war,” he writes of thesemen, “virtually all of them held powerful racial prejudices.”(30) While perhaps true of those officers who joined Blackunits for promotion or other self-serving motives, this state-ment misrepresents the attitudes of the many abolitionistswho became officers in Black regiments. Having spentyears fighting against the race prejudice endemic in Ameri-(35) can society; they participated eagerly in this militaryexperiment, which they hoped would help African Americansachieve freedom and postwar civil equality. By currentstandards of racial egalitarianism, these men’s paternalismtoward African Americans was racist. But to call their(40) feelings “powerful racial prejudices” is to indulge ingenerational chauvinism—to judge past eras by present standards.The passage as a whole can best be characterized as which of the following?A.An evaluation of a scholarly studyB.A description of an attitudinal changeC.A discussion of an analytical defectD.An analysis of the causes of a phenomenonE.An argument in favor of revising a view

未知题型 The passage mentions which of the following as an important theme that receives special emphasis in Glarthaar’s book?A.The attitudes of abolitionist officers in Black unitsB.The struggle of Black units to get combat assignmentsC.The consequences of the poor medical care received by Black soldiersD.The motives of officers serving in Black unitsE.The discrimination that Black soldiers faced when trying for promotions