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大学试题答案(课后习题答案)

单项选择题

A Dolphin and an Astronome
One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan,were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other. Sagan was standing on the edge of one of the tanks where several of these friendly, highly intelligent creatures were kept. Eivar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back.
The dolphin wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting.Then,after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water and made a sound just like the word 'more'. The astonished astronomer went to the director of the institute and told him about the incident 'Oh, yes. That's one of the words he knows,' the director said, showing no Surprise at all.
Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have, and it has been known for a long time that they can make a number of sounds. What is more,these sounds seem to have different functions, such as warning each other of danger.Sound travels much faster and much further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans, But can it be said that dolphins have a 'language', in the real sense of the word?Scientists don't agree on this.
A language is not just a collection of sounds, or even words. A language has a structure and what we call a grammar. The structure and grammar of a language help to give it meaning. For example, the two questions 'Who loves Mary?' and 'Who does Mary love?' mean very different things. If you stop to think about it, you will see that this difference doesn't come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure. That is why the question 'Can dolphins speak?' can't be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in a grammatical order which affects their meaning.
第 16 题 The astronomer was not interested in the way dolphins communicate with each other.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned

A.
The
B.Then,after
C.
Dolphins
D.Sound
E.
A
F.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not
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单项选择题 A． worse B．different C．separatedD．similar

单项选择题 Effects of Exercise on Elderly Diabetics (糖尿病人) Most older people with so-called type 2 diabetes (糖尿病人) could stop taking insulin(胰岛素) if they would do brisk (轻快的) exercise for 30 minutes just three times a week,according to new medical research results reported in a Copenhagen newspaper. Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen central hospital Rigshospitalet's Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body's ability to make use of insulin by 30 per cent. This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication (药物治疗) today.Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type 2diabetes, all more than 60 years of age, exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects' muscles could make use of as a measure for how well their insulin worked.Associate Professor Dr Flemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had made as good use of insulin as the healthy non-diabetic persons. 'This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups. Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes, but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time it can put off the point at which they have to begin taking insulin,' Dela said.Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas (胰腺), controlling sugar in the body and is used against diabetes.Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off after five days without sufficient exercise.Most diabetics realize that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exercise, Dela added. 第 36 题 What is the effect of exercise on elderly people with type 2 diabetes?A． It can help the body make better use of insulin.B． It can worsen their symptoms.C． It can help them to eat more.D． It can cure them of the disease.

单项选择题 第一篇 First Aid First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, a clear airway (气道), and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim's condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss Of life.First-aid measures depend upon a victim's needs and the provider's level ofknowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowingwhat to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱的) injury and paralysis (瘫痪).Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking other people or the injured person's family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病) or heart trouble, The victim should be checked for a medical bracelet (手镯) or card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim's condition is known by the acronym (首字母缩写词) ABC, which stands for:A - Airway: is it open and clear?B - Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.C - Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.{Page} 第 31 题 First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPTA． saving a victim's life.B． preventing a victim's condition from getting worse.C． helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury.D． relieving a victim from pain.

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